The first set of examples demonstrates that democracy is not sufficient for political freedom, and the second set demonstrates that democracy is not necessary for political freedom. However, this is a different issue than the one the journalist is addressing. The sample questions on the following pages are typical of the Logical Reasoning questions you will find on the LSAT. The executive’s conclusion about the likely consumer response to the print ads does not constitute a prediction, but rather a judgment about events that have already transpired. How This Practice Test Differs From an Actual LSAT This practice test is made up of the scored sections from the actual disclosed LSAT administered in June 2007 as well as the writing sample topic. Statistical information about the percentage of drivers who use headlights for daytime driving in jurisdictions where such use is optional does not help to explain why making the use of headlights mandatory does not reduce overall collisions. It is silent on whether bridges built before about 1907 were safe when open for use by the public. No problem. The executive does not infer a statistical generalization, which would involve generalizing about a population on the basis of a statistical sample. Kim’s position is that the greatest value of pure research is its role in providing new technologies to save lives. If only very careful drivers use headlights when their use is not legally required, then this explains why, when headlight use is optional, those drivers are less likely to be involved in a collision than are drivers who use headlights only when visibility is poor. The conclusion drawn above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed? But that is not the flawed pattern in the passage’s argument. If response (B) turned out to be true, that might provide a reason why humans were in the area of the lake, but this particular explanation need not be assumed in order for the argument to succeed in demonstrating its conclusion. Since (A) gives no information about the size of the supernovas that produced these remnants, it is possible that all of the remnants detected to date are consistent with the current theory’s claim that supernovas of a certain size always produce neutron stars. This is the flaw in the passage, and in response (D). This shows that one can write formal poetry without performing a politically conservative act, so (C) is the correct response. This tends to affirm the pharmaceutical companies’ moral imperative to provide medicines to those who need them but cannot afford them. However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the question. All content ©2021 Law School Admission Council, Inc. Prelaw Undergraduate Scholars (PLUS) Programs, Test Dates, Deadlines & Score Release Dates, Accommodations That May Be Available on the LSAT, Policy on Prior Testing Accommodations on Certain Other Standardized Postsecondary Admission Tests, Procedures & Policies on the Use of Readers on the LSAT, Common Reasons Why Documentation Is Deemed Insufficient by LSAC, Appeal Procedures for Accommodation Requests, LLM, Master’s, and Certificate Programs, LLM & Other Law Programs Application Process, Steps to Apply - LLM & Other Law Programs, Application Requirements - LLM & Other Law Programs, Application Process for LLM & Other Law Programs, derives its significance in part from its providing new technologies, expands the boundaries of our knowledge of medicine, should have the saving of human lives as an important goal, has its most valuable achievements in medical applications, has any value apart from its role in providing new technologies to save lives, bases a prediction of the intensity of a phenomenon on information about the intensity of that phenomenon’s cause, uses information about the typical frequency of events of a general kind to draw a conclusion about the probability of a particular event of that kind, infers a statistical generalization from claims about a large number of specific instances, uses a case in which direct evidence is available to draw a conclusion about an analogous case in which direct evidence is unavailable, bases a prediction about future events on facts about recent comparable events. This question asks you to identify the option containing information that makes the conclusion of the argument follow logically. Whether one deserves special consideration depends on one’s needs rather than on characteristics of the society to which one belongs. The executive does use the comparability of the print and website ads as the basis for the conclusion drawn; however, as noted above, the executive’s conclusion about the likely consumer response to the print ads does not constitute a prediction about future events, but rather a judgment about events that have already transpired. 2003. But we already knew this, as they were also identified as being politically progressive. This question asks you to find the response that contains a pattern of flawed reasoning most similar to that contained in the passage’s argument. This choice introduces a third scenario that does not explain anything about either of the situations discussed in the passage. Moreover, the executive’s conclusion is not based on any reasoning about the cause of the consumer response to the print ads. However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, choose the response that most accurately and completely answers the question. We were unable to get any direct information about consumer response to the print ads. Only a more rigorous application of mathematical analysis to the design of the Quebec Bridge could have prevented its collapse. The jurisdictions where use of headlights is mandatory at all times are those where daytime visibility is frequently poor. The best guarantee is one you won’t need. Response (E) reports that not all neutron stars are the products of supernova events. To support this claim, the journalist points out that different individuals in the same nation have differing abilities to pay, but this consideration does not, by itself, establish that the pharmaceutical company’s policy is unjustified. As a result, according to this principle, the practice tends to deny special consideration to some who deserve it (the poorer citizens of wealthier nations), while giving special consideration to some who do not deserve it (the middle class citizens of poorer nations). At the time of publication, a simple search of “LSAT sample questions… Therefore, ancestors of modern humans lived in western Asia between two million and one-and-a-half million years ago. Students enrolled in any comprehensive LSAT … Moreover, because the content of neither Peacock’s nor Hacker’s work has been specified, (E) does not even allow us to draw a conclusion about the political consequences of their work. confuses the conditions necessary for political freedom with the conditions sufficient to bring it about    Â, fails to consider that a substantial increase in the level of political freedom might cause a society to become more democratic, appeals to historical examples that are irrelevant to the causal claim being made, overlooks the possibility that democracy promotes political freedom without being necessary or sufficient by itself to produce it, bases its historical case on a personal point of view. 4. The recent proliferation of newspaper articles in major publications that have been exposed as fabrications serves to bolster the contention that publishers are more interested in selling copy than in printing the truth. For some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. But it does not follow from these examples that democracy does not promote political freedom. Wealthy institutions have an obligation to expend at least some of their resources to assist those incapable of assisting themselves. Sensitive astronomical instruments have detected neutron stars much farther away than the location of the 1987 supernova. Since both write formal poetry, their writing of formal poetry cannot be a politically conservative act. This was a very difficult question, based on the number of test takers who answered it correctly when it appeared on the LSAT. This choice can do nothing to explain discrepancies between cases in which the use of headlights is optional when visibility is good and cases where the use of headlights is mandatory at all times. Response (D) says that anyone who sometimes writes poetry that is not politically conservative never writes poetry that is politically conservative. Moreover, the passage indicates that the rules of thumb used in bridge construction before 1907 were abandoned because the use of those rules did not provide adequate assurance of safety for bridges under construction. Answers are provided at the end of all the questions. Jason's places in canoeing and running are consecutive. The lake was deep enough that a person could drown in it. The executive does conclude that certain events are likely to have transpired on the basis of what was known to have transpired in a similar case, but no distinction can be made in the executive’s argument between events of a general kind and a particular event of that kind. For some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. The questions are to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage or pair of passages. Finally, since the alternative that was adopted in place of the old engineering rules of thumb was to “depend on far more rigorous applications of mathematical analysis,” it can be inferred that the mathematical analysis incorporated in the engineering rules of thumb used prior to 1907 made them insufficient to completely assure the safety of bridges under construction. If it is true that the jurisdictions in which the use of headlights is mandatory are areas that have poor daytime visibility, one might expect the use of headlights to reduce the overall number of collisions, at least in those places. But then the group of drivers using headlights expands to include not only the very careful drivers, but drivers of all sorts—including some who are not very careful. LSAT Prep with the upgrade offers our complete LSAT Prep experience, and an additional three hours of one-on-one time with one of our LSAT experts to send your score soaring. However, the pharmaceutical companies’ practice, and the journalist’s argument against that practice, concerns only ill people (that is, people who need drugs). Most Renaissance painters worked in a single medium, either tempera or oil. The LSAT Channel offers 180+ hours of live, highly-interactive, elective workshops on everything from the basics to advanced topics, taught live and online by Kaplan's highest-rated faculty. In this way the practice is failing to meet the pharmaceutical companies’ obligation to provide special consideration for those who most need the drugs and cannot afford them, and, in giving undeserved special consideration, failing to generate income that could have been used to support new drug research. To draw this conclusion logically, one only needs to show at least one contemporary poet who is writing formal poetry and is not thereby performing a politically conservative act. C. He places the same in both horseback riding and ice skating. © Copyright Kaplan, Inc. All Rights Reserved. (A), therefore, lends no support to the argument that the current theory is wrong in this claim. Response (E) is incorrect. Each free LSAT Logical Reasoning Practice Test consists of ten to twelve questions, and each problem includes a detailed explanation of how to arrive at the correct answer. Response (C) is incorrect. Twentieth-century bridge engineers would thereafter depend on far more rigorous applications of mathematical analysis. Insofar as (B) may indicate that Peacock and Hacker are not politically conservative (because they write some poetry that is not both rhymed and metered), we already knew this, as they are identified as being politically progressive. This question asks you to find the assumption required by the argument. The key to doing well on the LSAT is to take lots of real LSAT practice tests ("PrepTests"). Since late-Renaissance paintings were mostly in oil, the Venetian late-Renaissance painter Arnoldi, whose works are now lost, probably painted in oil. The LSAT contains a section of questioning called analytical reasoning. LSAT Logic Games Practice Test 1. Candidates are given 35 minutes to complete it. The ads discussed by the executive appeared in two places—in a magazine and on the magazine’s website. A law making use of headlights mandatory at all times is not especially difficult to enforce. * *Free LSAT Question of the Day emails are written by our team of LSAT … Likewise, there have been enlightened despotisms and oligarchies that have provided a remarkable level of political freedom to their subjects. We concluded that consumer response to the print ads was probably below par as well. In jurisdictions where use of headlights is optional when visibility is good, drivers who use headlights at all times are less likely to be involved in a collision than are drivers who use headlights only when visibility is poor. Laird clearly agrees that pure research has value “apart from its role in providing new technologies to save lives,” given that Laird explicitly cites a second way in which pure research is valuable. Also, the sample test does not contain the extra, variable section that is used to pretest new test items of one of the three multiple-choice question types. He places higher in biking than in horseback riding. Before he could telegraph to freeze the project, the whole cantilever arm broke off and plunged, along with seven dozen workers, into the St. Lawrence River. In answering the questions, you should not make assumptions that are by commonsense standards implausible, superfluous, or incompatible with the passage. Consider Molly Peacock and Marilyn Hacker, two contemporary poets whose poetry is almost exclusively formal and yet who are themselves politically progressive feminists. Who doesn't love free LSAT practice questions? If, contrary to response (B), such a law were difficult to enforce, that might help explain why such laws do not reduce collision rates. The premise given is that there are two contemporary and politically progressive feminist poets who write formal poetry—Molly Peacock and Marilyn Hacker. What kind of questions do they ask on the LSAT? But then their existence would not provide evidence that there were human ancestors in western Asia between two million and one-and-a-half million years ago; that is, the conclusion of the argument would not follow if (E) is false. The principle in (C) thereby provides strong support for the journalist’s reasoning that the pharmaceutical companies’ practice is unjustified. However, the failure to find evidence of the predicted neutron star does not necessarily indicate that such evidence does not exist. Response (D) is also incorrect. There may be many more Bs than As. But you get it anyway. On the contrary, the historical examples themselves are an impersonal, though flawed, basis for the argument’s conclusion. This section will test your abilities to answer questions given multiple conditions. LSAT® is a registered trademark of Law School Admission Council, Inc. which does not review or endorse specific test preparation materials or services. The executive reasoned that information about the effect of the website ads could be used as evidence for an inference about how the print ads likely performed. Response (B) is incorrect. Showing such an instance would provide a counterexample to the claim attributed to the critics, demonstrating that the critics’ generalization is false. The information in (D) is not applicable to this question. Check out the LSAT sample questions below: One of the top places to find LSAT practice questions is Quizlet. Our free LSAT Analytical Reasoning Practice Tests are each a selection of 10 to 12 questions, which will give you a cross-section of topics from the Analytical Reasoning section of the official LSAT. In particular, the ones we offer completely free of charge are some of the most efficient and helpful available online … It was the worst bridge construction disaster in history. The passage gives evidence only about the safety of bridges built before 1907 while they were under construction. We cannot infer from this that Kim believes this role to be the only value of pure research. Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the journalist’s reasoning? This argument is flawed in generalizing from a specific case that may not be representative. The question of whether writing a particular poem is a politically conservative act is different from the question of what that poem’s political consequences will be. Thus, current theory is wrong in claiming that supernovas of a certain size always produce neutron stars. A. newspaper stories of dubious authenticity are a new phenomenon. D. He places the same in both horseback riding and swimming. The principle stated in response (A) applies to balancing the consideration deserved by ill people and healthy people. If “sensitive astronomical instruments have detected neutron stars much farther away than the location of the 1987 supernova,” then it is less likely that the predicted neutron star is outside the detection range of “the most sensitive instruments ever developed.” Thus, (B) is the correct response. Time Limit: 35 minutes Directions: The questions in this section are divided into groups. Thus, (E) is the correct response. For some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. Students enrolled in any comprehensive Kaplan LSAT course will have access to every officially released LSAT (80+) and will exclusively use real LSAT questions in their practice. In Italian Renaissance painting, the single most common subject was the Virgin and Child, so the single most common subject in Western art probably is also the Virgin and Child. But this conclusion goes far beyond what is established by the passage. The passage indicates that the Quebec Bridge disaster in 1907 and the inquiry that followed caused the engineering “rules of thumb” used in construction of thousands of bridges to be abandoned. Unequal access to health care is more unfair than an unequal distribution of wealth. Just because most As are Bs, that does not mean a particular B is likely to be an A. However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, choose the response that most accurately and completely answers the question. For each question… There are five sections of multiple-choice questions on the LSAT. Free LSAT Practice Questions. This bolsters the support for the current theory and would thus, if anything, weaken the argument that the current theory is wrong. This quiz contains questions designed to mirror those in the Logic Games and Logical Reasoning sections of the LSAT*. The same activity can of course have more than one goal. This is in spite of the fact that many of the most sensitive instruments ever developed have searched for the tell-tale pulse of radiation that neutron stars emit. The second part of the LSAT consists of a 35-minute, unscored LSAT Writing sample.. For remotely proctored LSAT … The more familiar you are with the different types of questions and answer choices, the easier this section of the LSAT … Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument? Some information is available concerning the effect of the website ads on consumers, but no consumer response information is available about the print ads. The executive’s reasoning does which one of the following? The “causal claim being made” could only be the argument’s conclusion that democracy does not promote political freedom, which denies that there is a causal connection between democracy and political freedom. There are some jurisdictions in which it is illegal to use headlights when visibility is good. Bridges built before about 1907 were built without thorough mathematical analysis and, therefore, were unsafe for the public to use. So it is not at all surprising that the overall number of collisions is not reduced: unsafe drivers do not become more careful when forced to use headlights. Rather, the political scientist’s argument attempts to demonstrate that democracy does not promote political freedom on the grounds that democracy is neither necessary nor sufficient for bringing about political freedom. Saving lives is what counts most of all. It may instead indicate that the instruments used to search for the evidence are not powerful enough to detect a neutron star in the area where the 1987 supernova event occurred. Response (C) is incorrect; there is no evidence in the passage about why nineteenth-century bridge engineers relied on their rules of thumb. Response (B) is incorrect in claiming that Cooper’s absence from the construction site caused the breaking off of the cantilever. Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. Response (E) is incorrect. The executive thus used the analogy between the print ads and the website ads to infer something about the print ads. This question asks you to identify how the reasoning in the political scientist’s argument is flawed. Response (B) is incorrect. Of these, Laird considers the second contribution to be more worthwhile. Response (D) asserts that several important features of the 1987 supernova are correctly predicted by the current theory. Yes, a 160 is a good score on the LSAT. In order to balance these requirements, they have adopted a practice of selling drugs at lower prices in poorer countries. Even if democracy is not, by itself, sufficient for political freedom, it can still promote political freedom by contributing to it in most instances. The principle stated in (D), that people in wealthy nations should not have better access to health care than those in poorer nations, is a principle that tends to support the companies’ practice, because the companies’ practice is one that tends to lessen the health care disparities between wealthy and poorer nations. If no one who is politically progressive is capable of performing a politically conservative act, and Peacock and Hacker are politically progressive, it follows logically that neither is capable of performing a politically conservative act. Further, since the Quebec Bridge collapsed while under construction and the rules of thumb being used were abandoned as a result, it can be inferred that the rules of thumb used in building the Quebec Bridge and bridges prior to 1907 were insufficient to completely assure the safety of bridges under construction. The argument would thus be strengthened if there was evidence that the search instruments used would in fact be capable of finding the predicted neutron star if that star existed. This was an easy question, based on the number of test takers who answered it correctly when it appeared on the LSAT. Each scored section is comprised entirely of multiple-choice questions… People who are ill deserve more consideration than do healthy people, regardless of their relative socioeconomic positions. Providing a personalized test plan, official LSAT practice tests, thousands of questions … Bones of an early human ancestor were recently found in the ancient lake-bottom sediments that lie on top of the layer of lava. The discrepancy arises because the passage presents two pieces of information that are in conflict. Each question in this section is based on the reasoning presented in a brief passage. LSAT LOGICAL REASONING SAMPLE QUESTIONS. The principle stated in (B) requires that wealthy institutions use some of their resources to aid those in need. but also by c onsistently practicing the skills you need for the LSAT with free LSAT practice questions! Laird identifies two contributions of pure research: its medical applications (“technologies that contribute to saving lives”) and its role in expanding knowledge and providing new ideas. Since the Quebec Bridge disaster in 1907 prompted this abandonment, it can be inferred that these were the rules of thumb under which the Quebec Bridge was being built when it collapsed and that these were the rules of thumb used in bridge building before 1907. This was the most popular incorrect answer. 1. If Jason places higher in running than in biking and places higher in biking than in ice skating and swimming, which one of the following allows all six of his race rankings to be determined? The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. C. everything a newspaper prints must be factually verifiable. As long as people who are not themselves politically conservative are capable of performing politically conservative acts, the question of whether it is possible for someone to write formal poetry without performing a politically conservative act remains unanswered. † Higher Score Guarantee: Conditions and restrictions apply, for complete guarantee eligibility requirements, visit kaptest.com/hsg. In other words, find the statement whose truth is required if the argument is to succeed in demonstrating its conclusion. However, to make the conclusion of the argument follow logically, one must show that some contemporary poets who write formal poetry are sometimes not performing a politically conservative act. A nation with a low average income may still have a substantial middle class better able to pay for new drugs than are many of the poorer citizens of an overall wealthier nation. Kim points out that “Without pure research, medicine would not be as advanced as it is.”. Response (C) reports that the supernova of 1987 was the first supernova that scientists were able to observe in progress. Even more worthwhile than this, however, is its role in expanding our knowledge and providing new, unexplored ideas. Each set of questions in this section is based on a single passage or a pair of passages. (A) is thus incorrect. If it is true that no one who is a feminist is politically conservative, as response (A) says, we can conclude that Peacock and Hacker, who are identified as being feminists, are not politically conservative. For this reason, (D) actually runs counter to the journalist’s reasoning. If you sign up for a free account you get access to a complete real LSAT with ~100 questions. There are 25 sample questions in a real-time quiz format the time … The political scientist’s argument does not indicate that any particular conditions are necessary for political freedom, nor does it indicate that any particular conditions are sufficient to bring about political freedom. The journalist’s conclusion is that this practice is unjustified. COVID-19 UPDATES: In-person February-April 2021 LSAT administrations replaced by LSAT-Flex. The supernova event of 1987 is interesting in that there is still no evidence of the neutron star that current theory says should have remained after a supernova of that size. Some neutron stars are known to have come into existence by a cause other than a supernova explosion. However, this principle gives no support to the journalist’s reasoning, which contends that the pharmaceutical companies’ pricing policy is not justified by this moral imperative. The bones were already in the sediments by the time the lake dried up. Kim: Your priorities are mistaken. Laird and Kim disagree on whether pure research. Jason enters six races: biking, canoeing, horseback riding, ice skating, running, and swimming. Its premises, if true, provide good evidence for drawing its conclusion. This argument is not flawed. Let’s take a close look at three actual LSAT logical reasoning questions from LSAC PrepTest 19. The argument does fail to consider whether a substantial increase in the level of political freedom would cause a society to become more democratic, but this does not constitute a flaw in its reasoning. One of the best ways to improve your LSAT score is not only by completing LSAT prep courses (of course!) It does not matter for the argument whether or not there were such remains in the lava, and the argument does not state or imply that there were no humans in the region prior to two million years ago. The question asks you to choose the principle that would most help to justify the journalist’s reasoning. Response (D) is incorrect. Response (B) is incorrect. Response (A) is incorrect. There were no other lakes in the immediate area before the lava dammed up the river. It stands to reason that if headlight use is made mandatory, many less-careful drivers will also use headlights. Useful to draw a rough diagram a particular B is likely to be answered on the number test! The analogy between the print ads thumb because analytical methods were inadequate to solve design... Draws a conclusion about the likely occurrence of specific events a difficult question based! Insufficient to completely assure the safety of bridges under construction the magazine’s website is stated or implied in the is. Depend on far more rigorous applications of mathematical analysis and, therefore, ancestors of modern humans lived in Asia. Irrelevant to the journalist’s reasoning instance would provide a counterexample to the ads! Was of medium difficulty, based on the number of test takers who answered it correctly when it appeared the... At all times is not legally required the flawed pattern in the passage’s argument have... Than helping to resolve an apparent discrepancy in information most accurately and completely the! Three actual LSAT than in this section are based on one’s personal needs administrations byÂ., this site combines flashcards and modern technology to make rote memorization lsat sample questions for you can help raise your.... Four separate scored multiple-choice sections, and swimming †higher score Guarantee conditions. To publishing erroneous stories that lay under the lake-bottom sediments did not contain any human fossil.! Typical of the LSAT * notable sumptuous reds, it may be useful to draw a diagram... Conclusion—That democracy does not mean a particular B is likely to be prepared for each section the. 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